Are Airport Scans Safe During Pregnancy? | What You Need to Know

Airport security scanners, including advanced imaging technology (AIT) and walk-through metal detectors, are widely considered safe for pregnant individuals due to their non-ionizing radiation or electromagnetic field operation.

Traveling while expecting brings a unique set of considerations, and navigating airport security often tops the list of questions for many parents-to-be. Understanding the technology behind airport scans and knowing your options can help make your travel experience smoother and more comfortable.

Understanding Airport Security Technologies

Airport security checkpoints use various technologies to screen passengers and their belongings. For individuals, the primary screening methods involve advanced imaging technology (AIT) scanners and walk-through metal detectors. It’s important to distinguish between these and the X-ray machines used for checked luggage, which are never used for passenger screening.

Millimeter Wave Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT)

Most modern airport scanners are Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT) units, which use millimeter wave technology. These machines emit very low-power radio frequency (RF) energy, similar to the signals from a cell phone or Wi-Fi router. This energy reflects off the body, creating an outline image that security officers review for concealed items.

• Non-Ionizing Radiation: Millimeter wave scanners use non-ionizing radiation. This type of radiation lacks the energy to remove electrons from atoms or molecules, meaning it does not cause DNA damage, which is a concern with ionizing radiation like X-rays.
• Extremely Low Power: The power output of these scanners is extremely low, significantly below international and national safety standards. The energy does not penetrate the body; it only interacts with the skin’s surface.
• FDA Evaluation: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has evaluated millimeter wave scanners and confirmed they meet applicable health and safety standards, stating that the energy exposure is minimal and poses no known health risks.

Walk-Through Metal Detectors

Traditional walk-through metal detectors operate using electromagnetic fields. They create a weak magnetic field that detects disturbances caused by metallic objects. These devices do not use X-rays or any form of ionizing radiation.

• Electromagnetic Fields: The electromagnetic fields generated by metal detectors are similar in strength to those found in many common household appliances.
• No Ionizing Radiation: There is no ionizing radiation involved with metal detectors. They are considered safe for all individuals, including pregnant travelers and those with medical implants.

The Science Behind the Safety Claims

The distinction between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation is central to understanding airport scanner safety. Ionizing radiation, such as that from medical X-rays or CT scans, carries enough energy to cause changes at a cellular level, potentially leading to health concerns with sufficient exposure. Non-ionizing radiation, conversely, does not possess this capability.

Airport security scanners, whether millimeter wave or metal detectors, fall into the non-ionizing category. The scientific consensus, supported by numerous health organizations, confirms that the energy levels from these devices are too low to cause any harm to a developing fetus or the pregnant parent.

For context, the amount of radiation exposure from a single medical chest X-ray is hundreds to thousands of times greater than the exposure from an AIT scanner, and even medical X-rays are often deemed safe during pregnancy when medically necessary and properly shielded.

Scanner Type	Radiation Type	Safety for Pregnancy
Millimeter Wave AIT	Non-ionizing (RF energy)	Widely considered safe
Walk-Through Metal Detector	Non-ionizing (Electromagnetic field)	Widely considered safe
Medical X-ray	Ionizing	Generally avoided unless medically necessary; different mechanism and dose

Official Guidance from Health and Travel Authorities

Both health and aviation authorities have consistently addressed the safety of airport screening for pregnant individuals. Their guidance aligns with the scientific understanding of these technologies.

• The TSA states that all screening technologies are safe for all individuals, including pregnant passengers. They specifically mention that pregnant passengers can be screened by advanced imaging technology, walk-through metal detectors, or a pat-down.
• The FDA, responsible for regulating radiation-emitting electronic products, maintains that the millimeter wave scanners used in airports are safe. They conduct ongoing evaluations and set performance standards to ensure public safety.
• Major medical organizations, including the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), also affirm the safety of these scanners for pregnant individuals.

Your Options at the Security Checkpoint

While airport scanners are considered safe, you always have the right to request an alternative screening method. This choice is entirely personal and should be based on what makes you most comfortable during your travel.

If you prefer not to go through an AIT scanner or a walk-through metal detector, you can request a pat-down. This is a standard procedure and TSA officers are trained to conduct it professionally and respectfully.

• Requesting a Pat-Down: Inform the TSA officer at the checkpoint that you are pregnant and would prefer a pat-down instead of the scanner. They will accommodate your request.
• The Pat-Down Process: A pat-down is conducted by an officer of the same gender in a private screening area, if requested. It involves a physical search of your body, including your hair, neck, torso, arms, legs, and feet. You can request a witness of your choosing to be present.
• Medical Documentation: While not strictly required for opting out of a scan, having a doctor’s note confirming your pregnancy can sometimes streamline communication with security personnel, though it does not exempt you from screening.

Consideration	Details for Expectant Travelers	Recommendation
Medical Clearance	Consult your doctor before travel, especially for longer flights or later stages of pregnancy.	Obtain a “fit to fly” letter from your physician.
Hydration	Maintain adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration, a common travel concern.	Drink plenty of water before, during, and after flights.
Comfort & Movement	Wear loose, comfortable clothing and shoes. Move frequently on long flights to support circulation.	Request aisle seats; perform simple in-seat exercises.
Emergency Contacts	Carry contact information for your medical provider and a local contact at your destination.	Keep essential contacts readily accessible.

Preparing for a Smooth Security Experience

A little preparation can significantly ease your passage through airport security, particularly when traveling while pregnant. Knowing what to expect and how to communicate your needs helps.

Dress in comfortable, loose-fitting clothing that is easy to remove if necessary, though typically only shoes and outer layers are removed. Avoid excessive metal on your clothing or accessories to minimize potential alerts from metal detectors, even if you opt for a pat-down.

Communicating Your Needs

Clear communication with TSA officers is key. Inform them of your pregnancy early in the screening process. They are trained to handle various situations with sensitivity and professionalism. If you have any specific concerns or require assistance, do not hesitate to voice them.

Having a clear plan for security, whether it involves using the scanner or requesting a pat-down, can reduce any potential stress. Remember, the officers are there to ensure safety, and they can support you through the process.